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The Zero Trust Security Roadmap: Six Steps To Protect Your Assets

Written by Greg LaBrie | Jan 28, 2025 1:27:19 PM

In today’s world of cyber threats, organizations are prioritizing zero trust security to safeguard their digital assets. John Kindervag, the founding father of Zero Trust, explains in a recent conversation with WEI, “Trust is a human emotion and has no business in digital systems.” This strategy assumes no user or system is inherently trustworthy, emphasizing the need for continuous validation and strong access controls.

A clear approach provides a roadmap for implementing a secure framework to protect an organization’s assets. Let’s outline actionable steps to implement zero trust security in your organization while incorporating best practices to minimize risks.

Watch: Demystifying Zero Trust With John Kindervag

Why Zero Trust Matters

We hear news about data breaches almost every day, showing how traditional security models relying on perimeter defenses are not enough. These outdated methods fail to keep up with sophisticated threats, leaving your critical assets vulnerable.

Zero trust security operates on a fundamental principle “Never trust, always verify.” Rather than assuming that users or devices within your network are inherently trustworthy, Zero Trust requires authentication and verification at every step. Despite its effectiveness, many organizations misunderstand Zero Trust. As Kindervag notes, “The objective is to stop data breaches, but to do that, you need to know what you need to protect.” This foundational step is often overlooked, leading to ineffective deployments.

By recognizing that zero trust is a strategy and not a single product, organizations can take deliberate steps toward its successful implementation. The journey begins with identifying what needs protection and understanding how your systems interact. These initial steps lay the groundwork for the critical actions that follow – from mapping transaction flows to continuous monitoring.

Let’s look at the steps every organization needs to take in building a resilient security framework.

1. Define Your Protect Surfaces

To implement Zero Trust, begin by identifying what needs protection — your “protect surfaces.” These include sensitive data, applications, assets, and services. Kindervag advises starting small: “Focus on one protect surface at a time. It makes the process incremental, iterative, and non-disruptive.”

Start by using tools and conducting audits to gain a clear understanding of your environment. Identify your most valuable assets and break them into smaller, manageable protection surfaces. To make it simpler, here’s a quick look at some key areas in your operations that may need attention:

  • Data: Financial records, customer information
  • Applications: ERP systems, CRM platforms
  • Assets: Servers, devices
  • Services: DNS, authentication services

These initial steps establish the foundation for subsequent critical actions, including mapping transaction flows and implementing continuous monitoring.

2. Map Transaction Flows

Once you identify your protect surfaces, map the data transaction flows to understand how they interact. This step involves understanding how data and applications interact. “You have to see how the system works together as a system. You can’t protect what you don’t understand,” Kindervag explains. This knowledge helps you identify potential vulnerabilities and ensures that your zero trust policies align with real-world data flows.

3. Enforce Identity Access Management (IAM)

IAM is essential to zero trust security. It ensures that users only access the resources they absolutely need, and only when necessary.

To effectively implement IAM, consider the following best practices:

  • Implement role-based access controls (RBAC) to minimize unnecessary access.
  • Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) such as passwords, biometrics, and security tokens to verify user identities. Studies have shown that MFA can effectively block 99.9% of automated cyberattacks.
  • Conduct periodic audits to identify and remediate any inconsistencies or outdated access privileges.

Organizations can significantly enhance their security posture and minimize the risk of data breaches within a zero trust framework by diligently implementing this approach.

Watch: WEI Cyber Warfare & Beyond Roundtable Discussion

4. Apply Network Segmentation

Network segmentation, also known as micro-segmentation, is a cornerstone of zero trust. It limits the blast radius of potential breaches by restricting access to segmented areas within the network. Kindervag highlights its importance, stating, “Segmentation stops malicious actors from gaining access to the protect surface.”

Here's how to implement segmentation following a layered approach:

  1. Employ software-defined micro-segmentation to create distinct zones within your network. This approach enhances security by isolating critical systems and data.
  2. Restrict traffic flow between these zones according to the principle of least privilege. This ensures that each zone only has the necessary access to other zones and resources, minimizing the potential impact of a security breach.
  3. Implement monitoring and logging capabilities to track all communication between segments. This provides valuable insights into network activity, helps identify and respond to threats promptly, and facilitates compliance with security regulations.

By controlling the “blast radius” of potential breaches, this approach ensures that even if a breach occurs, its impact is contained to a limited segment of your network.

5. Implement Continuous Monitoring

Continuous monitoring is essential to ensure your zero trust framework adapts to emerging threats. Because zero trust generates a lot of data, integrating this information into a modern SOC platform becomes effective for threat response and framework maintenance. 

Investing in advanced monitoring tools, such as intrusion detection systems (IDS) and endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions, provides real-time visibility into network activities. These tools detect anomalies, such as unusual login attempts or unexpected data flows, enabling swift responses to potential breaches.

6. Create And Enforce Policies

With these steps in place, the next course of action is to establish and enforce security policies. These policies clearly define the specific conditions under which access to systems and data is granted.

For instance, a policy might stipulate that access to sensitive financial records is permitted only during regular business hours, exclusively for authorized members of the finance team, and mandates the use of MFA for added security.

By adhering to a “default-deny” principle, organizations can significantly strengthen their security posture and minimize the potential damage caused by unauthorized access.

Avoiding The Most Common Mistakes

Zero Trust is a powerful strategy, but it’s not uncommon to hit a few bumps along the way. Sometimes, organizations become too eager to implement this approach that they forget how to do it properly. Here are some familiar mistakes and areas to focus on:

  1. Starting too big: It’s tempting to tackle everything at once, but trying to implement Zero Trust across your entire network can be overwhelming and costly. As Kindervag mentions, organizations should start small and focus on manageable protect surfaces — like a specific application or database. From there, you build your experience and maintain normal enterprise operations.
  2. Focusing on products instead of strategy: Remember, zero trust is a mindset, not a shopping list. It’s easy to get caught up in buying tools and software, but without a clear understanding of what you’re protecting, even the best tools can fall short. Start by identifying your assets and understanding how they interact before layering in technology.
  3. Neglecting policies: A well-crafted policy is your strongest ally. As Kindervag says, “All bad things happen within an 'allow' rule.” Review your policies regularly and make sure they’re as precise as possible. Tight policies mean fewer opportunities for attackers to exploit gaps.

Avoiding these pitfalls simplifies the process and sets your organization up for long-term success with zero trust.

Final Thoughts

Zero trust has consistently demonstrated its effectiveness in real-world applications. Successfully implementing Zero Trust Security requires thorough planning, phased execution, and a steadfast focus on monitoring and improvement. Kindervag shares, “In a managed services environment, we managed over 100 Zero Trust deployments. During that time, only one ransomware attack occurred — and it caused no harm.” 

WEI offers the expertise to guide your organization through this transformative journey. Reach out today to learn how we can help protect your digital assets and establish a resilient zero trust framework.